Would my Paldean Tauros' "Raging Charge" attack count a damaged Tauros in its damage calculation?
Yes, any damaged Pokemon with Tauros in its name counts in the calculation. However, since Paldean Tauros and Tauros are Pokemon with different names you could have 4 Paldean Tauros and 2 Tauros from Destined Rivals in play, and any of them that are damaged would add +40 to the Raging Charge attack.
Source: Phantasmal Flames FAQ; TPCi Rules Team (2025-11-13)

Relevant cards

Note: All applicable cards may not be listed below.
ME02_48
ME02_48