If I use Welder to attach {R} Energy to my Pokemon, do I still get to use my one energy attachment for the turn?
Yes, you do. Doing something via an effect does not use up the normal actions you get during your turn.
Source: Unbroken Bonds FAQ (2019-04-19), TPCi Rules Team (2019-05-02)

Relevant cards

Note: All applicable cards may not be listed below.
SM10_189
SM10_189
SM10_189A
SM10_189A
SM10_214
SM10_214