If I have a Poliwrath on my bench that evolved from a Poliwag and a Poliwhirl do I get all of the damage bonuses for each of them?
No, you only look at the most evolved stage of a Pokemon in play. The previous stages are now part of that Pokemon.
Source: Lost Origin FAQ; TPCi Rules Team (2022-09-08)
If I have multiple Poliwag on my bench, does Politoed's "Lordly Songleader" attack do additional damage for each of those Pokemon?
You only get the additional bonus once per Pokemon named in the attack. For example, if you have two or more Poliwag on the bench you only get to add +60 once.
Source: Lost Origin FAQ; TPCi Rules Team (2022-09-08)
If I have a Poliwag and a Poliwhirl and a Poliwrath all on my bench, does Politoed's "Lordly Songleader" attack do additional damage for each one?
Yes, you get the additional bonuses once per Pokemon named in the attack, which you have on your bench.
Source: Lost Origin FAQ; TPCi Rules Team (2022-09-08)