If my opponent used Steelix's "Metal Defender" attack on his or her turn, then I send it to the bench and bring it back out on my turn, can I apply weakness to Steelix with my Fire Pokemon's attack?
Yes, you can. Benching Steelix ends Metal Defender's effect.
Source: Plasma Freeze FAQ (2013-05-16), TPCi Rules Team (2013-05-16)