Can I use Golurk V's "Rewind Beam" attack to put a Stage 2 Pokemon that was put into play via Vaporeon VMAX's "Bubble Pod" attack into my opponent's hand?
No, because while the Stage 2 is considered an "Evolution Pokemon", it is not an "evolved Pokemon" as required by the Rewind Beam attack.
Source: Evolving Skies FAQ; TPCi Rules Team (2021-08-26)

Relevant cards

Note: All applicable cards may not be listed below.
SWSH7_30
SWSH7_30
SWSH7_70
SWSH7_70