Does Golurk's "Double Type" ability which says "As long as this Pokemon is in play it is both {P} and {F} type" block Flareon's "Flare Effect" ability or Vaporeon's "Aqua Effect" ability or Jolteon's "Electric Effect" ability which adds {R} or {W} or {L} to any stage 1 Pokemon?
No. Golurk would have all 5 types if all of those Abilities were present.
Source: Ancient Origins FAQ (2015-08-13), TPCi Rules Team (2015-08-13)

Relevant cards

Note: All applicable cards may not be listed below.
XY7_13
XY7_22
XY7_26
XY7_35