Would Honchkrow GX's "Ruler of the Night" Ability prevent me from using Charjabug's "Battery" Ability to attach it to Vikavolt as an Energy card?
Yes it would prevent that because Charjabug would be a Special Energy card being played from your hand.
Source: Unbroken Bonds FAQ (2019-04-19), TPCi Rules Team (2019-05-02)

Relevant cards

Note: All applicable cards may not be listed below.
SM10_109
SM10_109
SM10_202
SM10_202
SM10_223
SM10_223
SM10_58
SM10_58